Abdominal and Thoracic Diseases

The study grouped diagnoses into abdominal diseases, thoracic diseases, and other diseases. Many neonatal abdominal diseases mainly affect intra-abdominal organs and the portal venous system with limited direct effect on the retroperitoneal IVC. Abdominal and thoracic diseases did not appear to increase primary non-central malposition risk when upper or lower limb veins were used. Clinicians may choose upper or lower limb veins without assuming abdominal or thoracic disease itself causes non-central PICC tip malposition.