Age-Standardised Excess Mortality

For non-island jurisdictions, the main model found a statistically significant association between higher 2019 GHS Index score and lower age-standardised excess mortality after controls. A 10-point higher GHS Index score was estimated to predict 26.7 fewer age-standardised excess deaths per 100,000 from a starting mortality of 100 per 100,000. Excess mortality was chosen because it is less dependent on differences in COVID-19 testing, diagnosis, and death certification. Very low or negative excess mortality jurisdictions were treated as special cases that may need future research.