Age-Structured Trait Substitution Sequence

The rare-mutation scaling places mutation times between ecological relaxation times and exponentially rare departures from equilibrium. On the mutation time scale, the microscopic process converges to an age-structured TSS. The resident population's rate of mutant production is the mutation probability multiplied by total births across the equilibrium age distribution. The TSS generator includes mutant production by the resident age equilibrium and mutant invasion probability. The limiting TSS is a Markov jump process between monomorphic equilibrium age distributions. The limiting TSS requires strong time-scale separation and stable monomorphic equilibria.