AMPK and mTOR

mTOR is the primary growth pathway and is most active during feeding. AMPK is associated with energy scarcity, catabolism, recycling, ketosis, and autophagy. Health requires cycling between AMPK-dominant and mTOR-dominant states. Metformin and rapamycin influence AMPK, mTOR, and autophagy but require caution and stronger human evidence before broad use in healthy people.