Anopheles Vector Bionomics

When resistance is confirmed at the 1× discriminating concentration, intensity testing proceeds at 5× and 10× concentrations to assess operational significance. Anopheles stephensi breeds in urban water storage containers including overhead tanks, wells, construction site containers, barrels, tyres, and domestic storage containers. The Human Blood Index of field-collected Anopheles mosquitoes is determined using agar gel immune-diffusion. Insecticide susceptibility testing uses F1 progeny of wild-caught mosquitoes reared under standardised conditions. India has documented insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across multiple regions, complicating control efforts. Larval collection in the study is restricted to urban and periurban clusters where larviciding is routinely implemented.