Biotin Deficiency

Raw egg whites contain avidin, a protein that binds biotin in the gut and makes it completely unavailable for absorption. Genetic polymorphisms can interfere with biotin metabolism, meaning some individuals require substantially higher intake for adequate function. Low stomach acid impairs absorption of dietary biotin by reducing the ability to break down protein-bound biotin. Anti-seizure medications are a pharmacological cause of biotin depletion that patients and clinicians often overlook. Clinical biotin deficiency can produce seizures, candida overgrowth, and depression in addition to severe skin and hair symptoms. Aging is associated with a progressive decline in biotin status. Alcohol and smoking both lower circulating biotin levels.