Brainwave Entrainment

Brainwave entrainment differs from neurofeedback because it applies an external signal rather than measuring brain activity and training self-regulation through feedback. Modern brainwave entrainment systems extend older rhythm and frequency practices through measurement, refinement, layering, and device-based delivery. The article presents entrainment as part of a longer history of sensory methods for shifting consciousness. Brainwave entrainment uses rhythmic external stimuli to encourage the brain to synchronize with a target frequency. Frequency-following response is the proposed mechanism by which neural activity tracks rhythmic sensory input. Light and sound are the primary entrainment inputs discussed, while vibration, breath, and environmental resonance are also treated as relevant. Sound can influence brain state when the sound structure, timing, and responsiveness match the brain's ability to track the stimulus. Brainwave entrainment can use multiple sensory channels rather than a single technique.