Climate Change

The 2012 cutoff was selected because it marks a period of intensified climate-related events in the Lake Victoria ecosystem and growing scientific understanding. Climate change has driven long-term reductions in the quality, quantity, and distribution of natural resources in the Lake Victoria basin. Climate change is reshaping the geographic spread of infectious diseases. Climate change alters the ranges of disease vectors, reservoirs, and pathogens. Climate change leads to economic and social instability by reducing fish stocks that fishing community livelihoods depend on. Flooding and other disasters can overwhelm wastewater treatment systems. Warmer conditions can increase bacterial reproduction and prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Climate change is presented as worsening both AMR and plastic pollution. Climate change adds a long-term structural layer to outbreak risk. Overwhelmed wastewater systems may release antibiotic residues, resistant microorganisms, resistance genes, and plastic waste into the environment. Climate-related changes may increase hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic use. The review defines climate change as long-term changes in global temperature…