Climate Change and Urbanisation

Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns have expanded Aedes mosquito breeding grounds in several regions. Rapid unplanned urbanisation makes vector control harder by creating breeding habitats faster than environmental management can respond. Climate change is increasing dengue incidence in Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Pacific Island nations. Historical climate risk maps are becoming less reliable as dengue transmission appears in previously non-endemic regions. The review recommends climate-based risk mapping to anticipate emerging dengue transmission hotspots.