Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery

The CamAPS HX system operates fully automatically, removing the burden of bolus decision-making from the user. A prior single-centre pilot study of 26 adults demonstrated that fully closed-loop insulin therapy significantly improved HbA1c compared with standard therapy without increasing hypoglycaemia risk. Because both arms use CGM, any observed benefit in the COYOTE study is attributable specifically to the closed-loop algorithm. The COYOTE study is designed to determine whether closed-loop benefits generalise to a larger and more diverse multinational population. A fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery system requires no meal announcements and tailors insulin delivery dynamically to reduce complication risk.