Computer-Aided Detection (CAD)

CAD software powered by deep learning has achieved performance comparable to human readers for adults with microbiologically confirmed TB. Adult-trained CAD algorithms perform suboptimally in children because paediatric chest anatomy and TB radiological patterns differ substantially from adult patterns. No CAD products exist for children under 2 years, and vendor claims that products can be used in children lack independent evaluation. The WHO endorses CAD as a triage tool for TB only in persons aged 15 years and older, and at least 16 commercial adult CAD products are currently on the market. In the CAPTURE evaluation, each CAD product is installed on an isolated server and developer access is removed to ensure fully manufacturer-independent evaluation.