Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring

CEFM produces a continuous printed or digital trace, unlike IA. IA is associated with fewer labour interventions than CEFM while producing similar perinatal outcomes. CEFM has a perceived relative advantage because its visible trace appears measurable and self-documenting. CEFM itself lacks strong comparative outcome data. Some conversations with women framed CTG as safer, and return to IA after a reassuring trace was uncommon. CEFM is often applied as the default for higher-risk pregnancies.