Contraindications

Absolute contraindications to ACEi/ARB/ARNI and MRA therapy were rare. For SGLT2 inhibitors, eGFR below 20 mL/min/1.73 m² was the most important contraindication. Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block was the most common beta-bloc…

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Absolute contraindications to ACEi/ARB/ARNI and MRA therapy were rare. For SGLT2 inhibitors, eGFR below 20 mL/min/1.73 m² was the most important contraindication. Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block was the most common beta-blocker contraindication. The article suggests renal impairment concerns may have contributed to avoidable underuse, particularly in CKD stage 3.