Data Collection and Measurement

The review included 72 publications representing 60 unique survey instruments. All included surveys were cross-sectional and published between 2010 and 2024. Thirteen survey instruments remained unavailable for review after author contact. Only two surveys showed evidence of being conducted more than once and extended to different locations. Mothers may consent to linkage between their survey data, companion survey data, and clinical maternity record parameters. Questionnaires include self-developed question sets and validated scales. The study uses multiple data sources to capture maternal, companion, staff, and clinical outcome perspectives. Online data are collected with LimeSurvey and paper questionnaires are digitised using TeleForm software.