Determinants of HBV Infection

Low education and poor awareness of HBV transmission can reduce use of screening, vaccination and prevention services. Practices involving infected blood or contaminated instruments can increase HBV exposure risk. Limited healthcare access and inadequate screening or vaccination facilities increase the chance that infections are missed and preventive interventions are not delivered. HIV co-infection and immunisation coverage gaps are identified as factors that may increase vulnerability or continued transmission risk. Traditional surgical procedures, tattooing, sharing sharp instruments and home births may contribute to HBV transmission.