Digital Modalities

Video-conferencing and app or web-based platforms were the only digital modalities that showed significant benefits. Telephone and text-message interventions did not improve outcomes across the evaluated domains. Differences between digital modalities were not statistically significant, so modality subgroup findings require cautious interpretation. Video-conferencing and app or web-based platforms may work because they provide exercise demonstrations and technique feedback that handouts or telephone check-ins cannot provide.