Emergency Department Diagnosis Distribution

Chapter XIX (injury, poisoning, and external causes) showed wide diagnostic heterogeneity, accounting for 13.2% of presentations while using 24.4% of all distinct codes. The Malaysian ED diagnosis pattern broadly mirrors findings from Turkey, where respiratory diseases are the most common ED presentation category followed by digestive diseases, though musculoskeletal conditions that rank highly in Turkey were not similarly prominent in Malaysia. Four of the top five most frequent ICD-10 codes were respiratory in origin, with gastroenteritis being the sole non-respiratory entry in the top five. Among the top 20 diagnoses, respiratory conditions represented 35%, while gastrointestinal and cardiovascular conditions each represented 15%. The top 20 diagnoses collectively accounted for 42.9% of all ED records, and the top 10 diagnoses accounted for a cumulative relative frequency of 33.55%.