Employment Status

Because the study was cross-sectional, unemployment may contribute to poor health or result from it. Unemployed men had higher odds of poor self-perceived health than employed men. Unemployment was a major risk factor for impaired quality of life. Unemployment was the most consistent risk factor across all four studied outcomes. Unemployed and non-employable men had higher odds of activity limitations than employed men. Unemployed and non-employable men had higher odds of chronic conditions than employed men.