Ethnicity

The study compared New Zealand European and Māori children. Absolute vertebral body and canal dimensions were generally larger in NZE children than in Māori children. For children older than 5 years, NZE participants had slightly larger anteroposterior canal dimensions than Māori participants across subaxial levels. Ethnicity was associated with modest morphological differences, especially transverse vertebral body diameter and canal dimensions at some levels. The study does not prove a direct link between ethnicity, canal dimensions, and spinal cord injury incidence. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials and therefore receive non-tailored interventions. Culture, ethnicity, dementia, and stigma intersect in ways that shape the lives of people living with dementia. Non-white and ethnically diverse people are underdiagnosed with BPSD. Family caregivers from ethnic minority groups report higher perceived stress due to barriers to support services and unmet needs.