Executive Function

E-Fit’s strongest early effects appeared in everyday behaviour rather than standardised test performance. Abstraction scores differed significantly by glycaemic status in unadjusted analysis. The insulin-dependent group had the lowest abstraction score among glycaemic groups. Executive functions are higher-level control processes that support complex behaviour. Abstraction score differences remained statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. Exploratory efficacy was measured through everyday executive function ratings and neuropsychological tests of flexibility, working memory, planning, and inhibition. The intervention targeted multiple executive function domains because children with complex congenital heart disease often have broad rather than single-domain difficulties. The prefrontal lobe must continually resist the urge to check a nearby phone. Suppressing the desire to check a phone consumes mental resources. Phone-related temptation creates low-level multitasking. Abstraction may serve as an early marker of cognitive vulnerability because it reflects frontal lobe and executive processes. Executive function difficulties can affect health, quality of life, aca…