Family Involvement

Participation in the programme was broadly perceived as strengthening family relationships. Family involvement may provide emotional support, increase security, reduce anxiety and stress, promote recovery, and improve outcomes. Sibling involvement often motivated children through competition, collaboration, modelling, and teaching. The programme was credited with improving parenting skills around limits, autonomy support, and conversations about weight and body image. FCC interventions confer both psychological benefits for parents and clinical benefits for infants. A supportive family environment can buffer NSSI risk and support recovery. Family-centred care is presented as an extension of patient-centred care. No participating ICU used ICU diaries. No participating ICU offered an open visiting policy. Most participating ICUs maintained restricted visiting hours. Family engagement was limited across participating ICUs. The existing literature on FCC is heterogeneous in design and scope, making rigorous systematic synthesis necessary. Family-centred care models integrate parents as active participants in infant care rather than passive observers. Whole-family involvement was descr…