Female Cardiovascular Health
Estrogen directly triggers nitric oxide production through the endothelial pathway. Declining estrogen in perimenopause weakens endothelial nitric oxide signaling. Perimenopausal symptoms such as blood pressure elevations, palpitations, an…
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Estrogen directly triggers nitric oxide production through the endothelial pathway. Declining estrogen in perimenopause weakens endothelial nitric oxide signaling. Perimenopausal symptoms such as blood pressure elevations, palpitations, anxiety, sleep disruption, and circulatory changes are linked to reduced nitric oxide caused by falling estrogen. After menopause, women's cardiovascular disease risk rises to match men's. Hormone replacement therapy and estrogen-supportive interventions can help preserve endothelial nitric oxide pathway function.