Femoral Version

Anteversion and retroversion have theoretical associations with hip rotation and toeing patterns, but those associations are not dependable enough to explain every presentation. Femoral anteversion is a forward orientation of the femoral neck relative to the distal femur. Femoral retroversion is relatively reduced anteversion and may approach zero degrees or backward orientation. CT imaging is treated as the gold standard for measuring femoral anteversion or retroversion. Hip internal and external rotation measurements do not prove that femoral version is the underlying cause of a motion pattern. Craig's test should not be relied on to identify precise femoral anteversion or retroversion.