Fetal heart rate monitoring

The study used intermittent auscultation rather than continuous electronic fetal monitoring. The article presents the study's narrower case definition as a possible reason for underestimating NRFHRP prevalence compared with broader electronic monitoring criteria. The study assessed FHR throughout labour using intermittent auscultation with a Pinard fetoscope. The primary aim of intrapartum monitoring is to identify metabolic acidosis early enough to intervene before tissue damage occurs.