Final Meal Composition

A protein-dominant final meal with fibrous vegetables and little refined carbohydrate is presented as shortening the non-fat-burning portion of the fast. The metabolic impact of the final meal depends on macronutrients, glycemic load, fiber, timing, and metabolic health. Carbohydrates before fasting are not inherently wrong, but they can delay fasting states sought for fat loss, ketosis, autophagy, and growth hormone. A carbohydrate-heavy final meal can prolong glucose and insulin responses into the night.