Flipped Classroom

Prior research supports flipped classrooms for improving nursing students' clinical skills, but long-term effects and comparisons remain insufficiently studied. The flipped classroom reverses the usual sequence by moving content engagement before class and using class time for applied activities. Flipped classroom pre-session materials may include technology-delivered videos, quizzes, slides, podcasts, handouts, and presentations. The study's flipped classroom sessions use Q&A, team-based learning, cooperative problem-solving, and gamification.