Genetic Analyses
Variants with low imputation accuracy or minor allele frequency below 0.01 were excluded from the analyses. MR-PREG used DONUTS to estimate mutually adjusted maternal and fetal genetic effects at each SNP. MR-PREG conducted genome-wide ass…
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Variants with low imputation accuracy or minor allele frequency below 0.01 were excluded from the analyses. MR-PREG used DONUTS to estimate mutually adjusted maternal and fetal genetic effects at each SNP. MR-PREG conducted genome-wide association studies in core cohorts to generate APPO genetic association data for two-sample MR. Maternal and offspring genetic effects were meta-analysed separately. Correlated maternal and offspring genotypes can cause fetal genetic effects to bias MR estimates of maternal exposure effects.