Glial Cells

Glial cells are more numerous than nerve cells in the brain. Glial cells are used to complicate simple claims that ketones or carbohydrate restriction alone explain brain energy needs. Astrocytes may have a role in whole-body glucose regulation, though the mechanisms are unclear. Glial cells function as the brain's primary cleanup mechanism. Glial cells nourish neurons, regulate synapses, support brain immune function, clear waste, and maintain myelin. Glial cells are active regulators and maintainers of brain function rather than passive support cells. Microglia function in brain immunity and debris clearance. Astrocytes help move nutrients from the bloodstream through glial cells into neurons. Glial cells are described as important for glucose use, inflammation regulation, cleanup, repair, and neuronal metabolic support. Glial cells participate in the lactate shuttle by providing energy substrates to neurons. Glial cells activate during sleep when forgiveness is practiced. During the night, glial cells clear old neural patterns and accumulated damage. Permanent strict ketosis may undersupply glial cells because they use glucose heavily.