Government Funding

Facilities receiving government funding had higher adjusted odds of offering non-English language services than facilities without such funding. Government funding was associated with higher odds of non-English language services across all ownership groups in post hoc analyses. Government funding measured whether facilities received government grants or funding to support substance use treatment programs. Government funding may support interpreters, bilingual staff, and linguistic competency training, but reliance on such funding can be fragmented and insufficient. Government funding was one of the main structural factors assessed in relation to non-English language service provision.