Healthcare Costs

Only CCN C showed a statistically significant cost decrease for colon cancer compared to the control group, amounting to −€1,899. Only CCN A's pancreatic cancer cost reduction was statistically significant, at −€3,747. Across significant studies, higher health literacy was consistently associated with lower healthcare costs. Robinson et al. found that high users with depression had higher mean costs across healthcare categories than non-high users with depression. Only four included studies examined healthcare costs associated with depression among high healthcare users. The cost evidence could not be pooled because methods and settings differed too much. The strongest and most consistent evidence concerned emergency costs and total costs. Eight reviewed studies reported no statistically significant association between health literacy and healthcare costs. For pancreatic cancer, costs were relatively stable across regions, with the control group showing a slight upward trend. Two-year oncological costs for colon cancer declined across all study regions over the observation period. Belgian dialysis reimbursement exceeded €500 million in 2023. CCN D achieved a significant referral r…