Healthcare Sustainability

Healthcare logistics, especially pharmaceuticals, medical supplies, and biomedical waste, is important not only for operational optimisation but also for reducing waste and environmental harm. Hospitals are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In Canada, healthcare accounts for about 4.6% of national greenhouse gas emissions, with hospitals, medications, and medical services among the largest contributors. The review will measure outcomes including energy use, waste, carbon footprint, and eco-responsible logistics alongside operational metrics.