Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy (HAIC)

Prospective and retrospective studies show HAIC achieves superior objective response rates compared with systemic chemotherapy in ICC. HAIC has been used in locally advanced ICC for more than 20 years. HAIC delivers high local drug concentrations directly to liver tumors while minimizing systemic toxicity. In NEO-ERA-01, HAIC is performed via percutaneous femoral artery catheterization without an implantable pump. HAIC-related adverse events can include hepatic artery spasm, catheter displacement, arterial dissection, pseudoaneurysm, and thrombosis.