High-Risk Clusters

Low-low spatial clustering appeared in Sri Lanka, Japan and the United Arab Emirates, reflecting stable low-risk geographic contexts. Iran and Iraq showed significantly negative spatial excess risks, indicating lower mortality than neighbouring country patterns would predict. Kulldorff spatial scan statistic found four significant high-risk clusters in 2012 and one in 2018. Caries treatment needs were spatially clustered rather than randomly distributed across Buenos Aires. Housing prices were not independently significant in the SAR model after spatial context and other indicators were considered. Elevated child mortality remained geographically clustered in Asia even after accounting for observed covariates. The SAR-lag model indicated that spatial dependence substantively shaped CTNI distribution. Afghanistan had the highest mean spatial excess risk for under-5 mortality at 50.33 and the highest relative risk at 343.00. Afghanistan had high relative risk across all three mortality outcomes: 343.00 for under-5, 124.00 for infant and 160.00 for neonatal mortality. Bangladesh and India showed high-high spatial autocorrelation in child mortality, identified via Local Moran's I. The…