Infection Prevention

Malaria chemoprevention did not significantly reduce stillbirth or perinatal mortality. Influenza and RSV vaccination did not show statistically significant effects on stillbirth. Infection-related interventions generally showed unknown or no clear benefit for stillbirth or perinatal mortality in GRADE-assessed evidence. Evidence on infection-related interventions may be limited by low event rates, inadequate power, timing differences, and heterogeneous implementation. Malaria in pregnancy can increase risk of stillbirth and neonatal death through placental inflammation and impaired nutrient and oxygen exchange.