Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC)

A cohort study of more than 4,000 patients found a 23% reduction in mortality risk with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery versus upfront surgery alone. No standardized neoadjuvant regimen exists for ICC despite evidence supporting pre-surgical treatment. ICC accounts for 10–15% of primary liver malignancies and its global incidence is rising. Post-resection recurrence rates in ICC reach up to 60% within one to two years. Radical surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for ICC, yet only a subset of patients qualify. NCCN biliary tract cancer guidelines recommend enrolling eligible patients in clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant approaches.