Knee Flexion

In the ACL repair case, knee flexion improved without direct knee bending after hip and rotational capabilities were addressed. In the total knee arthroplasty case, knee flexion improved and pain decreased without forced bending or manual therapy. The knee should not be treated as only a hinge joint. Tibial internal rotation is required during knee flexion. Limitations in transverse-plane motion or control can reduce sagittal-plane knee flexion. The article favors restoring related movement planes and adjacent regions instead of forcing knee flexion directly.