Laboratory and Biochemical Markers

Multiple laboratory abnormalities were significantly associated with severity, including renal, liver, protein, inflammatory, coagulation, and immune markers. Category 5 patients had higher odds of lymphopenia. Fasting blood glucose and several metabolic or electrolyte markers were significantly associated with severity. Blood group, antibody status, and viral load were not significantly associated with symptom severity. Triglycerides were not significantly associated with severity. Elevated fasting blood glucose was linked with higher odds of category 4 severity, although reported odds ratios differed between results and discussion.