Malnutrition

GLIM criteria are a significant predictive factor for the combined outcome of mortality and hospitalisation in SSc patients, underscoring the need for individualised nutritional therapy. Skeletal evidence from Black Plague victims shows concurrent rickets, anemia, and poor dental condition, indicating multiple overlapping nutritional deficiencies. Confirmed malnutrition under the GLIM framework requires meeting at least one phenotypic criterion and at least one aetiologic criterion. MUST scores classify patients into three risk tiers: low risk (score 0), moderate risk (score 1), and high risk (score 2 or above). War causes malnutrition by depleting food production and displacing populations. Food preservation methods such as canning dramatically reduce the nutritional content of food, with vitamins lost in the process. Malnutrition in SSc is associated with decreased survival, reduced quality of life, and impaired physical performance.