Managerial Uncertainty

Managers described relying on common sense because evidence-based guidance was absent. Outcomes uncertainty appeared because monitoring systems did not connect actions to emission reductions. Choice uncertainty appeared when managers lacked data on the relative impact of different interventions. Temporal uncertainty appeared when annual budget cycles conflicted with long-term climate horizons. Uncertainty reinforces the vicious cycle of minimal climate action. Managers lacked knowledge about product carbon footprints, intervention impacts, and action prioritisation.