Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

Caesarean delivery, neonatal mortality, and maternal mortality were not statistically significant outcomes in the analysis. The shoulder dystocia finding should be interpreted cautiously because it came from only two studies and one study dominated the weighting. Macrosomia was significantly associated with shoulder dystocia in the outcome meta-analysis. Shoulder dystocia had about twice the odds among macrosomic births. Postpartum haemorrhage showed an unexpected inverse association with macrosomia. Macrosomia-related neonatal complications described in the wider evidence include shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus palsy, fractures, asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and hyperbilirubinaemia.