Maternal Outcomes

Complete ANC attendance was linked to reduced risks of antepartum haemorrhage and caesarean section. Vaccinated individuals had lower risks of overall and emergency caesarean delivery. Maternal ICU admission was lower among vaccinated individuals, though the absolute difference was modest. Respiratory problems, poor appetite, vaginal bleeding, swelling, sexually transmitted infection, nausea, or vomiting were associated with higher likelihood of attending at least four ANC visits. Skin-to-skin contact has been linked to reduced postpartum anxiety. A review cited by the protocol found that skin-to-skin contact can help prevent postpartum haemorrhage by shortening the third stage of labour. The article notes potential maternal benefits for bonding perception, post-caesarean pain, sensitivity to infant cues and parenting confidence. Maternal outcomes measured in the study included pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes and mode of delivery. The study did not find statistically significant reductions in pre-eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage or premature rupture of membranes with complete ANC attendance. NOMS pro…