Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

MSCs are relevant to orthopaedics because they have therapeutic potential and regenerative capacity. In vitro MSCs can differentiate into several cell types involved in musculoskeletal repair. Animal studies suggest injected MSCs are rapidly cleared and may act mainly through paracrine mechanisms rather than durable engraftment. MSCs are associated with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs can be obtained from many human tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovial membrane, and skeletal muscle.