MNAR Imputation
LLM-driven imputation methods had the strongest pooled performance under MNAR imputation benchmarks. The article argues that imputation in causal pipelines should be evaluated using both biomarker metrics and causal metrics. The imputation…
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LLM-driven imputation methods had the strongest pooled performance under MNAR imputation benchmarks. The article argues that imputation in causal pipelines should be evaluated using both biomarker metrics and causal metrics. The imputation stage asks the LLM to propose executable Python imputation operators rather than directly fill missing cells. In the formal setting, covariate missingness is MNAR because missingness may depend on unobserved values, other covariates, treatment, and outcome. Candidate imputers are scored using RMSE plus penalties for biomarker-outcome and biomarker-treatment correlation distortion. The evolutionary imputer mutates a deterministic seed imputer for 20 iterations. Electronic health record analyses face high-rate missing-not-at-random biomarker missingness alongside time-varying confounding. Runtime and static guards reject unsafe or invalid imputation candidates.