Modified UPC-Team and BB-Team Indices

The modified indices avoid treating the involvement of multiple specialties as inherently poor continuity. The UPC-Team index measures the proportion of visits to a usual physician team rather than one usual physician. The BB-Team index evaluates fragmentation within specialties instead of across specialties. UPC-Team includes physicians who are the most frequently visited physician within their specialty and who had at least two outpatient visits with the patient. UPC-Team and BB-Team were designed to measure relational continuity near the end of life without penalising medically complex patients for multispecialty care.