Multimodal Nutritional Intervention

In hip fracture patients, multimodal postoperative nutrition increased energy and protein intake, reduced malnutrition rates, and slowed quality-of-life decline. The personalised dietary plan sets protein intake at 1.2 g per kilogram of body weight per day. Energy intake for the intervention group is set at 30 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day. Animal studies show that multimodal nutritional interventions delay cachexia development, suppress systemic inflammation, and reduce molecular markers of proteolysis and muscle atrophy. No clinical trial has previously examined multimodal nutritional therapies specifically in SSc patients, making this trial the first of its kind. Multimodal nutritional interventions combine nutritional counselling, oral nutritional supplements, and disease-specific dietary regimens tailored to individual needs. Condition-specific dietary recommendations address swallowing difficulties, gastro-oesophageal reflux, constipation, diarrhoea, bloating, stomach pain, and distension.