Music Intervention

Music interventions reduce preoperative anxiety and opioid requirements in surgical settings. Music exposure reduces delirium incidence relative to no music in post-surgical and ICU populations. Music-based interventions are framed as a potentially engaging and scalable alternative to conventional cognitive training. No previous trial has directly compared peri-interventional music with standard care for preventing postictal agitation in ECT. The article states that no completed RCT has tested keyboard lessons or choral singing against an active control in MCI with MRI neurobiological measures. A systematic review found cognitive benefits from music-based interventions in people with MCI or dementia. Music has been associated with increased parasympathetic activity, reduced cortisol, and anti-inflammatory effects. Music may reduce agitation by modulating the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Music making may activate reward neurotransmitter pathways through emotion, offering cognitive stimulation and motivation. Music can provoke adverse reactions when disliked or linked with negative experiences. Music making is described as social, scalable, a…