Newborn Sex

Fetal sex is identified as an underexplored determinant in perinatal outcome literature, with biological mechanisms warranting further investigation. Preterm delivery being more common in male fetuses offers a plausible partial explanation for the male-sex perinatal mortality differential, while gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are more common with female fetuses. Male newborns had 65% higher odds of perinatal mortality compared to female newborns.