Nursing Interventions

Preferred supportive interventions before injection were associated with outcomes and predicted pain and satisfaction. Patients requesting pain relief cream and psychological support reported significantly higher satisfaction than those choosing other options. Breathing exercises during peripheral venous catheterisation reduced pain and anxiety and increased satisfaction in prior studies. Routine preprocedure assessment of patient preferences may support individualised care. Nurses should assess risk factors and preferred support measures before injection. The article identifies pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies such as psychological support, topical analgesia, distraction, breathing exercises, virtual reality, stress balls, and thermomechanical stimulation.