Open Access

Open access is described as essential for making high-quality peer-reviewed evidence available worldwide without paywalls. Green open access means self-archiving the author-accepted manuscript in repositories such as PubMed Central, Europe PMC, or institutional sites. Article processing charges, selective licence restrictions, limited pricing transparency, unclear reuse terms, and uncertainty around commercial use are concerns in open access publishing models. The ultimate open access goal is a single gold open access version on the journal website that is free from paywalls and immediately reusable. The immediate priority is for company-funded research to be free to read from publication, using green open access if needed.