Outcomes and Assessments

Healthy lifestyle practices have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality risk, hypertension risk, and dyslipidaemia risk in Asian populations. PPI type and extent are categorized using the consultation, collaboration, and co-production framework. Comparative outcomes include recruitment feasibility, retention, patient-reported outcomes, patient-relevant endpoints, surrogate endpoints, significant primary results, and methodological quality. Only one participant completed a urea breath test within three months after finishing treatment. The review used Kirkpatrick's Four Levels to categorize outcome measurement across the 33 studies. The scoping review cannot determine which programmes or adaptations are most effective. The Kirkpatrick analysis mapped assessed outcome levels rather than measuring programme effectiveness. PPI reporting quality is assessed with the GRIPP2-SF checklist because PPI is a secondary or tertiary focus in included trials. Post-treatment follow-up was especially weak in the study population. The GRIPP2-SF checklist covers aims, methods, results, discussion, and reflections. A formal sample-size calculation indicated 86 participants, but the pilot sets…